The Status of CMS

After a brief overview of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, the status of construction, installation and commissioning is described. Very good progress has been achieved in the past year. Though many significant challenges still lie ahead, CMS should be ready for recording data from first collisions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator complex at CERNComment: 7 pages, 8 figures, Proceedings for the 2006 Hadron Collider Physics conference at Duke Universit

MS-044: Stephen H. Warner Collection

In addition to hundreds of photographs and negatives, the collection contains letters, manuscript notebooks and notepads, drafts of articles, and copies of feature stories printed in army publications written by Warner during his time in Southeast Asia. Other supporting materials in the collection include army publications on a variety of topics, including travel guides and cultural studies. Special Collections and College Archives Finding Aids are discovery tools used to describe and provide access to our holdings. Finding aids include historical and biographical information about each collection in addition to inventories of their content. More information about our collections can be found on our website http://www.gettysburg.edu/special_collections/collections/.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/findingaidsall/1042/thumbnail.jp

Expanding Our Reach: Direct Client Representation vs. Policy and Advocacy Impact in a Transactional Clinic

The 2016 presidential election was met immediately around the country with calls to action for lawyers to provide legal representation and resources to vulnerable populations that would inevitably be affected by the incoming presidential administration. Lawyers showed up en masse, for example, at airports to offer services to travelers and families impacted by the executive order banning individuals from several predominantly Muslim countries from entering the country. Those lawyers were not alone. Calls also went out around the clinical community to use clinicians’ positions and resources in ways that further our work on behalf of communities which suddenly found themselves potential targets of a new administration. Many transactional clinicians saw the outcry as an “all hands on deck” alarm and asked themselves how they could help. Transactional clinics, compared with other law school clinics, face unique challenges in responding to threats facing client populations. Our colleagues in other clinics offer students the opportunity to work on advocacy projects, community education initiatives, impact litigation, or other work designed to achieve outcomes beyond individual client representation. Many transactional clinics, however, are structured entirely around representing individual entrepreneurs, businesses, and charities in a range of legal issues. This focus is the result of two phenomena. First, a disproportionate number of law students plan to pursue a transactional practice after graduation compared to the number of transactional experiences available in law school. Second, all clinical experiences are time-limited, and students generally have relatively little transactional law experience to draw on, limiting the amount of work that a transactional clinic can take on during the course of a semester. Representing individual businesses or nonprofits seemingly restricts the impact of students’ work—they can only represent one or two clients per semester. Many businesses and nonprofits remain unserved. Every clinic faces trade-offs between directly representing individual clients and taking on projects with broader policy and advocacy goals. For transactional clinics, that trade-off is between giving students hardto- obtain transactional experience through representing individual entrepreneurs and organizations and allowing students to assist a wider group through other initiatives. Balancing these trade-offs is particularly important for clinicians interested in leveraging student resources to make their clinics agents of change in a community. This commentary explores different options for accomplishing these broader goals, trade-offs that these options pose, and how clinicians navigate those challenges. The following summarizes ideas and challenges, and suggests ways to balance trade-offs and further integrate change-making into clinic design. In the wake of the 2016 election, transactional clinicians will undoubtedly increasingly design clinic work around impact. This commentary aims to help those clinicians in that effort

Semantic Component Composition

Building complex software systems necessitates the use of component-based architectures. In theory, of the set of components needed for a design, only some small portion of them are "custom"; the rest are reused or refactored existing pieces of software. Unfortunately, this is an idealized situation. Just because two components should work together does not mean that they will work together. The "glue" that holds components together is not just technology. The contracts that bind complex systems together implicitly define more than their explicit type. These "conceptual contracts" describe essential aspects of extra-system semantics: e.g., object models, type systems, data representation, interface action semantics, legal and contractual obligations, and more. Designers and developers spend inordinate amounts of time technologically duct-taping systems to fulfill these conceptual contracts because system-wide semantics have not been rigorously characterized or codified. This paper describes a formal characterization of the problem and discusses an initial implementation of the resulting theoretical system.Comment: 9 pages, submitted to GCSE/SAIG '0

How Can We Stop Cancer?

Cancer is a disease that humans have been struggling to combat for centuries. It originates from the accumulation of several mutations over the life of a cell that causes it to evade cell death and multiply rapidly. It can affect any tissue in the body and can spread to other parts of the body through metastasis. Cancer comes in numerous shapes and sizes with different levels of aggression, growth speeds, and health risks. Many treatments for cancer exist today, three of the most popular being surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, which can be used in combinations with other treatments to best fight cancer. Verma et al. (2019) showed that when surgical resection is used before chemotherapy, a significant decrease in postoperative hospitalization lengths and 30-day mortality rates occurs, with correlation to trends that show increased overall survival and decreased 90-day mortality rates as well. Kim et al. (2018) approached treating surgery with a targeted therapy called anti-angiogenesis using the prodrug TA, which provided successful results in combating cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells themselves as well as the endothelial cells that nourish tumors. This research can be taken into account by oncologists and physicians when prescribing certain treatment methods in fighting cancer, as these treatment options may have similar effects in treating and preventing other cancers, neoplastic diseases, and infections that leach nutrients from the body

Malta’s mental health reform

In Malta as in many other countries, psychiatry has for years been the Cinderella of the Health Services with a tradition of not only being under-resourced but also of being an unpopular career choice amongst health care professionals. In this article the author describes the scope and the aims of the proposed Mental Health Reform.peer-reviewe